通訊監察是一種嚴重干預秘密通訊自由與隱私權的新型態強制處分,原則上須遵循法律保留、比例原則(包含最後手段性、最小侵害性、重覆原則)及期間限定(最長一年)等規定,並區分為針對通訊內容的監察(需令狀)與針對通信紀錄或網路流量紀錄的調取(依情形有所不同,有法官保留和警察保留的區分),且其違法取得的證據,將依偵查不公開、報告義務及合法性判斷證據能力。
扣押是刑事訴訟法中一種對物的強制處分,目的在於保全證據或作為未來沒收(包括違禁物沒收、犯罪所生之物沒收)的客體,原則上須遵循法官保留原則(§133-1(1)),但也存在附帶扣押(§137)和緊急扣押(§133-2(3))等無令狀例外情形,而沒收的新制則強調利得回收,且設有第三人參與及救濟程序以保障無辜第三人的權益(§455-12(1))。
搜索是對人身、物件、電磁紀錄或住宅及其他處所等物的強制處分(§122(1)),必須在有相當理由或必要時經法官保留原則核發搜索票(§128(1)),但亦存在無令狀的附帶搜索(§130,為保人犯及執行人員安全)和緊急搜索(§131(1)、(2))例外,且其執行須遵守明確性原則、比例原則、不公開原則及事後報備義務,以平衡國家追訴權與人民隱私權益。
暫行安置是刑事訴訟中針對涉嫌重罪(如刑法第十九條第一項、第二項原因可能存在)的被告,在具保、責付、限制住居等替代處分不足以維護公共安全或社會秩序時,經由法官訊問後裁定,暫時將被告安置於精神醫療機構或其他適當處所,其性質與羈押不同,且不得替代羈押,最長可延長至五年,被告對此處分可於十日內提出抗告。
羈押是一種長期拘束人身自由的強制處分,必須同時具備形式要件(經法官訊問並程序合法)和實質要件(犯罪嫌疑重大、具備法定原因如逃亡或滅證、以及必要性),並應遵循比例原則,以保障被告人權、保全證據及確保刑事程序順利進行,而其期間、延長及撤銷皆有嚴格的法定程序與救濟途徑。
刑事訴訟中的短期拘束人身自由主要透過拘提與逮捕兩種強制處分手段實現,它們必須遵循法律保留原則(形式正當性)與比例原則(實質正當性,包含適當性、必要性、衡平性)的嚴格檢驗,確保在執行後能及時(原則上二十四小時內)將人犯解送至檢察官或法院,以保障其人身自由和合法權益,避免超時羈押或不當訊問而衍生違反不自證己罪的證據排除爭議
不起訴處分與附負擔的緩起訴處分是檢察官偵查終結案件的方式,依據法律規定判斷是否具備實體或形式訴訟要件,如果告訴人不服,可透過向檢察長聲請再議或在特定情況下向法院聲請准許提起自訴來尋求救濟
本章節介紹了刑事偵查中旨在保障無罪推定與隱私的偵查不公開原則(僅限制偵查人員而不限制被告與被害人),並詳述作為訴訟條件的告訴制度,包含告訴權的行使與補正、告訴不可分(主觀及客觀)的效力範圍,以及撤回告訴的時點限制及其對共犯的影響
How this podcast ranks in the Apple Podcasts, Spotify and YouTube charts.
Apple Podcasts | #87 | |
Apple Podcasts | #107 |










Listeners, social reach, demographics and more for this podcast.
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咕嚕聽法律 launched a month ago and published 12 episodes to date. You can find more information about this podcast including rankings, audience demographics and engagement in our podcast database.
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